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How does a laser printer produce a realistic colour or black & white image?

A laser printer produces a realistic colour or black & white image by using a very simple six stage process:

Stage 1. In a darkened chamber, an electrical charge is applied to the surface of a photo-conductor (a material that conducts electricity in the presence of light).

Stage 2. A light source is then used to selectively create a "latent" image on the photo-conductor. This image is not visible as it consists of electrical charges.

Stage 3. The photo-conductor then moves to a "developer" station where charged toner particles are attracted to the latent image. The image is now visible.

Stage 4. Paper is then brought into contact with the photo-conductor at the "transfer" station where the toner is attracted to the paper surface through the use of static electrical charges on the back of the paper.

Stage 5. In order to make the image permanent, the paper passes through a "fuser" which is a heated pressure roller. This process melts the toner and allows the individual toner particles to flow together.

Stage 6. The final stage of this process is to clean any residual toner and charge from the photo-conductor surface in preparation for the next image to be generated. In this last step there is also a thin layer of silicon oil applied to the toner to act as a sealant and also help with the removal of the printed sheet from the machine.

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